What factor enhances interdependence among firms in a strategic alliance?

Collaborative product development enhances interdependence among firms in a strategic alliance because it requires a high level of cooperation and commitment from all parties involved. When companies work together to develop a product, they must share resources, expertise, and knowledge. This close collaboration fosters a deeper integration of their operations, making each company reliant on the contributions of the others to successfully bring the product to market. The need to combine different capabilities and align objectives reinforces the bond between the firms, leading to a strategic partnership where each firm is invested in the success of the alliance.

In contrast, while shared marketing strategies may create alignment in branding and outreach, they do not necessarily require as deep a level of cooperation as product development. A common customer base indicates potential for collaboration but does not inherently create interdependence; firms can serve the same customers independently. Legal requirements might dictate certain forms of cooperation or compliance, but they do not inherently foster the ongoing interdependence that drives collaboration and innovation in a strategic alliance.