What does mobile commerce (M-commerce) specifically refer to?

Mobile commerce, often abbreviated as M-commerce, specifically refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. As consumer behavior has shifted drastically toward mobile usage, M-commerce has become an essential aspect of modern retail. This form of commerce allows users to shop, pay, and interact with businesses directly from their mobile devices, enhancing the convenience and speed of transactions.

The other options do not encompass the definition of M-commerce. Purchases made through desktop computers fall under traditional e-commerce, while transactions via smart TVs would refer to a different avenue of digital commerce, primarily related to entertainment and media rather than mobile commerce. Sales utilizing payment kiosks do not involve mobile devices directly, focusing instead on stationary physical systems for transactions.