Horizontal channel conflict occurs between which of the following?

Horizontal channel conflict occurs between two or more members at the same level of a supply chain. In this context, the correct answer emphasizes competition among manufacturers who are in direct rivalry, potentially selling similar products or targeting the same market audience. This can lead to conflicts over pricing strategies, market share, or promotional efforts as each manufacturer seeks to increase their competitive edge rather than working collaboratively.

The other options refer to different relationships within the supply chain structure. Members at different supply chain levels typically experience vertical conflicts, which arise from disagreements between entities such as manufacturers and wholesalers or retailers. Conflicts involving the wholesaler and retailer are examples of vertical conflict, where the objectives and strategies may not align. Organizational executives would refer to internal conflicts rather than channel conflicts that typically occur between different firms or entities in the supply chain.